Gestión activa de la demanda - casos de estudio: proyectos OPENADR4CHILE y G.R.A.C.I.O.S.A.

Actualmente, las Redes Eléctricas Inteligentes (Smart Grids) presentan una integración de recursos energéticos distribuidos (fundamentalmente renovables) cada vez mayor. Esta tendencia, unida a mayores exigencias de calidad de servicio, hacen esencial la inclusión de nuevos sistemas de gestión que garanticen su estabilidad e interoperabilidad. Una posible solución respondería al paradigma de gestión activa de la demanda (Demand-Side Management, DSM) donde el cliente ahora es un activo controlable. Este cambio beneficia a dos actores: A) las compañías eléctricas (Utilities), cuyo interés radica en un mecanismo de ajuste del consumo. B) los clientes: que persiguen la optimización energética y económica, pudiendo reducir y modificar su perfil de consumo. Ambos enfoques plantean estrategias Win-to-Win cliente/operador. Esta comunicación expone dos proyectos demostradores DSM reales, donde el TIC-150 ha colaborado activamente en su desarrollo con Endesa/Enel: 1) OpenADR4Chile: donde por parte de la utility se plantea una arquitectura OpenADR para la gestión de programas de capacidad. Adicionalmente, este trabajo se complementa con la creación un Living-Lab en la EPS. 2) G.R.A.C.I.O.S.A. donde la actividad del grupo se ha centrado en la definición/ implementación de una métrica o conjunto de indicadores clave de desempeño (KPIs) para la valoración de las políticas de gestión energética de los clientes.Nowadays, Smart Grids (SG) tend to incorporate distributed energy resources (mainly renewable) more and more. This tendency and the rising exigency level on service quality, make the inclusion of new management systems essential, to guarantee stability and interoperability. A possible solution could be reached applying the paradigm of Demand-Side Management (DSM), where customers become controllable actives. This change benefits both parts: A) Utilities, who interest is centered into consumption adjustment skills. B) Customers, who follow energy and economic optimization, being able to reduce and modify their consumption profile. Both points of view propose Win-to- Win strategies for customer/utility. This work shows two use-cases of DSM strategies in which the TIC-150 has collaborated actively in their developing with Endesa/Enel: 1) OpenADR4Chile: it proposes the use of and OpenADR architecture for capacity program management. This allowed also creating a Living-Lab in the Escuela Politécnica Superior. 2) G.R.A.C.I.O.S.A., in which the TIC-150 has defined/implemented a set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to check and evaluate energy management politics applied by the customers.Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España) beca Formación Profesorado Universitario (FPU

Evaluation of Poly(N-Ethyl Pyrrolidine Methacrylamide) (EPA) and Derivatives as Polymeric Vehicles for miRNA Delivery to Neural Cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, short RNA oligonucleotides that regulate the expression of hundreds of proteins to control cells' function in physiological and pathological conditions. miRNA therapeutics are highly specific, reducing the toxicity associated with off-target effects, and require low doses to achieve therapeutic effects. Despite their potential, applying miRNA-based therapies is limited by difficulties in delivery due to their poor stability, fast clearance, poor efficiency, and off-target effects. To overcome these challenges, polymeric vehicles have attracted a lot of attention due to their ease of production with low costs, large payload, safety profiles, and minimal induction of the immune response. Poly(N-ethyl pyrrolidine methacrylamide) (EPA) copolymers have shown optimal DNA transfection efficiencies in fibroblasts. The present study aims to evaluate the potential of EPA polymers as miRNA carriers for neural cell lines and primary neuron cultures when they are copolymerized with different compounds. To achieve this aim, we synthesized and characterized different copolymers and evaluated their miRNA condensation ability, size, charge, cytotoxicity, cell binding and internalization ability, and endosomal escape capacity. Finally, we evaluated their miRNA transfection capability and efficacy in Neuro-2a cells and rat primary hippocampal neurons. The results indicate that EPA and its copolymers, incorporating β-cyclodextrins with or without polyethylene glycol acrylate derivatives, can be promising vehicles for miRNA administration to neural cells when all experiments on Neuro-2a cells and primary hippocampal neurons are considered together.This research was supported by the Council of Education, Culture and Sports of the Regional Government of Castilla La Mancha (Spain) and Co-financed by the European Union (FEDER) “A way to make Europe” (project references SBPLY/17/000376 and SBPLY/21/180501/000097) and by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-096328-B-I00). Altea Soto was funded by the Council of Education, Culture and Sports of the Regional Government of Castilla La Mancha (Spain) M. Asunción Barreda-Manso is funded by the Council of Health of the Regional Government of Castilla La Mancha (Spain), through: “Convocatoria de Ayudas Regionales a la Investigación en Biomedicina y Ciencias de la Salud” (II-2020_05). Irene Novillo Algaba is funded by the Next Generation Funds of the European Union through the “Programa Investigo”.Peer reviewe

Primary care randomized clinical trial: manual therapy effectiveness in comparison with TENS in patients with neck pain

This study investigated effectiveness of manual therapy (MT) with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to reduce pain intensity in patients with mechanical neck disorder (MND). A randomized multi-centered controlled clinical trial was performed in 12 Primary Care Physiotherapy Units in Madrid Region. Ninety patients were included with diagnoses of subacute or chronic MND without neurological damage, 47 patients received MT and 43 TENS. The primary outcome was pain intensity measured in millimeters using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Also disability, quality of life, adverse effects and sociodemographic and prognosis variables were measured. Three evaluations were performed (before, when the procedure ?nished and six months after). Seventy-one patients (79%) completed the follow-up measurement at six months. In more than half of the treated patients the procedure had a clinically relevant ?short term? result after having ended the intervention, when either MT or TENS was used. The success rate decreased to one-third of the patients 6 months after the intervention. No differences can be found in the reduction of pain, in the decrease of disability nor in the quality of life between both therapies. Both analyzed physiotherapy techniques produce a short-term pain reduction that is clinically relevant.Ministerio de SanidadInstituto de Salud Carlos II

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Heterozygous pathogenic variants in GLI1 are a common finding in isolated postaxial polydactyly A/B

Postaxial polydactyly (PAP) is a frequent limb malformation consisting in the duplication of the fifth digit of the hand or foot. Morphologically, this condition is divided into type A and B, with PAP-B corresponding to a more rudimentary extra-digit. Recently, biallelic truncating variants in the transcription factor GLI1 were reported to be associated with a recessive disorder, which in addition to PAP-A, may include syndromic features. Moreover, two heterozygous subjects carrying only one inactive copy of GLI1 were also identified with PAP. Herein, we aimed to determine the level of involvement of GLI1 in isolated PAP, a condition previously established to be autosomal dominantly inherited with incomplete penetrance. We analyzed the coding region of GLI1 in 95 independent probands with nonsyndromic PAP and found 11.57% of these subjects with single heterozygous pathogenic variants in this gene. The detected variants lead to premature termination codons or result in amino acid changes in the DNA-binding domain of GLI1 that diminish its transactivation activity. Family segregation analysis of these variants was consistent with dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. We conclude that heterozygous changes in GLI1 underlie a significant proportion of sporadic or familial cases of isolated PAP-A/B

Anales de Edafología y Agrobiología Tomo 43 Número 5-6

Suelos. Estudio de los minerales de la arcilla en unos perfiles de suelos con distintos contenidos en materia organica (Rasgos turbosos), de la Sierra de Guadarrama, por Jiménez Ballesta, R., Martín de Vidales, J. L., Reñones, O. y Gumuzzio, J.-- Distribución de la actividad ureásica en las unidades de estructura del suelo. II. Estado y comportamiento enzimático, por Pérez Mateos, M. y González Carcedo, S.-- Contribución al estudio de los suelos de la Sierra del Pozo (Jaén), por J. González Parra, C. González Huecos y A. López Lafuente.-- Influencia del suelo y métodos de cultivo sobre Longidorus profundorum. Nematodo fitoparasito de interés en las áreas cerealistas de la región central, por M. Fé Andrés y A. Bello.-- Aproximación paramétrica para la evaluación de la aptitud de las tierras, por Gilberto Hernández-Silva, Mariano Vinegas Soto, Mireya Maples Vermeersch y Lourdes Flores Delgadillo.-- Reacción con el FNa de los suelos de Galicia l. Características y significado del test de FNa. Distribución de la reactividad en función del material de partida, por E. García-Rodeja, F. MacÍas y F. Guitian Ojea.-- Naturaleza y propiedades del Humus subacuatico del embalse de Gasset (Ciudad Real), por G. Almendros, A. Polo y E. Dorado.-- Reacción con el FNa de los suelos de Galicia II. Suelos sobre rocas graníticas, por E. García-Rodeja Gayoso, F. Macías Vázquez, F. Guitián Ojea.-- Reacción con el FNa de los suelos de Galicia 111. Suelos formados sobre micaesquistos, pizarras, areniscas y cuarcitas, por E. García-Rodeja Gayoso, Macías Vázquez, F. y Guitián Ojea, F.—Fertilidad del Suelo. Effect o f nitrogen, phosphorus and crude organic matter on the yield and composition of potato and chilli, by K. R. Maurya and N. R. Dhar.-- Efecto de diferentes dosis de fertilización y abonamiento en el contenido y rendimiento de hierro y cobre en Lolium multiflorum lam. var. "Westerwolds", por David Flores-Román, Lourdes Flores-Delgadillo y Nicolás Aguilera-Herrera.-- Criterios para determinar la tolerancia a la salinidad de portainjertos de aguacates. por Díaz, A., Altares, M., Alvarez, C. E. y Fernández, .M.-- Estudio de la asimilabilidad de calcio por plantas de Ryegrass en un suelo tratado con compost urbano, por R. Nogales, F. Gallardo-Lara y M. Gómez.—Nutrición y Fisiología Vegetal. Cultivo de hipocotilos de Digitalis obscura L.: Relación entre morfogénesis y producción de glucosidos cardiotonicos, por M. C. Brisa, P. Pérez-Bermudez y J. Segura.-- Efecto del ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético sobre la inducción de callos en cotiledones de Pinus Canariensis, por Pérez Francés, J. F., C. Martínez y A. C. Blesa.-- Desarrollo de técnicas de cultivo "in vitro" para la micopropagación de variedades de manzana sidrera, por Ricardo Ordas, Ana Rodríguez, Roberto Rodríguez y Ricardo Sánchez Tames.-- Caracterización estadística de limón, por F. A. Melendreras y A. Ortuño.-- Trabajos recapitulativos. Avances recientes en el estudio de las micorrizas V-A. II. Factores que afectan su formación y función y aplicaciones prácticas en agricultura, por C. Azcón-Aguilar, J. M. Barea y B. E. Roldán-Fajardo.-- El tiempo como factor formador del suelo, por M. Delgado Rodríguez y R. Delgado Calvo-Flores.-- Notas.-- BibliografíaPeer reviewe